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Chitwan National Park (CNP), formerly called Royal
Chitwan National Park (RCNP), covers an area of 932 kmē and is the
oldest national park in Nepal. Established in 1973, it was granted the
status of a World Heritage Site in 1984. The park is located at
subtropical inner Terai lowlands of South-Central Nepal in Chitwan
district, 200km away from capital Kathmandu. Chitwan National Park is
rich in flora and fauna, including one of the last populations of
single-horned Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and the Bengal
tiger Panthera tigris tigris. The area was known as "Four Mile Forest"
and a hunting reserve for big game hunting until 1951. The park is now a
popular destination for ecotourists and includes canoeing, elephant
rides, and guided jungle walks. Adjacent to the National Park in the
east is the parsa wildlife reserve (49.900 ha) and further east the Bara
Hunting Reserve (25.900 ha). In the south the Chitwan is contiguous with
the Indian Valmiki Tiger Reserve. The vegetation consits mainly of moist
deciduous forests, with the sal as dominating tree species. In the
Churia Hills pine trees predominate. On the floodplains of the large
Rivers, by name the Rapti, the Reu and the Narayani there are large
areas covered with Elephant grass alternating with riverine Forests
mainly composed of Simal, Khair and Sisau trees. The Chitwan National
Park is home to at least 43 species of mammals, 450 species of birds,
and 45 species of amphibians and reptiles. Elephants and Indian rhinos
are the largest species found in the park, but a lot of other large
herbivores are found in the park, gaur, sambar deer, Indian muntjac,
chital, hog deer, mainland serow, chousingha and wild boar. Three large
predator species, tigers, leopards, dholes prey on them and carrion
eaters like striped hyenas are also found. Sloth bears are among the
main attractions of the Park. Smaller carivore species are golden
jackal, yellow-throated marten, ratel, smooth coated otter, small Indian
civet, large Indian civet, spotted linsang, common palm civet,
binturong, small Indian mongoose, Indian grey mongoose, crab-eating
mongose, leopard cat, marbled ct and fishing cat. Further mammal species
found in the park are rhesus monkeys, hanuman langurs, Indian pangolin,
northern palm squirrel, red giant flying squirrel, particoloured flying
squirrel, Indian porcupine, hispid hare, Indian hare and ganges doplhin.
Among the reptiles marsh crocoiles, gharials and Indian python are the
largest. The park's unique rhino herd was featured on The Jeff Corwin
Experience in season 2, episode 11. This national park is just 10 km far
from nearby city Bharatpur, Nepal and the Bharatpur Airport. |
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